The altercation between Federico Valverde and Aurélien Tchouaméni at Valdebebas^[1] training ground on 7 May 2026,^[2] and the resolution within less than 24 hours of the disciplinary proceedings resulting in a fine of EUR 500,000 for each player, constitute a case of extraordinary legal interest. This article analyses the regulatory framework governing the internal disciplinary powers of professional clubs in Spain, examines the sources of liability, disciplinary, civil, employment and criminal, and reflects on the proportionality of a sanction without...

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